A growing body of empirical evidence in the management literature suggests that antecedent variables widely accepted as leading to desirable consequences actually lead to negative outcomes. These increasingly pervasive and often countertheoretical findings permeate levels of analysis (i.e., from micro to macro) and management subfields (e.g., organizational behavior, strategic management). Alth…
Multilevel modeling allows researchers to understand whether relationships between lower-level variables (e.g., individual job satisfaction and individual performance, firm capabilities and performance) change as a function of higher-order moderator variables (e.g., leadership climate, market-based conditions). We describe how to estimate such cross-level interaction effects and distill the tec…
The authors content analyzed self-reported limitations and directions for future research in 1,276 articles published between 1982 and 2007 in the Academy of Management Journal, Administrative Science Quarterly, the Journal of Applied Psychology, the Journal of Management, and the Strategic Management Journal. In order of frequency, the majority of self-reported limitations, as well as directio…
Market basket analysis (MBA), also known as association rule mining or affinity analysis, is a data-mining technique that originated in the field of marketing and more recently has been used effectively in other fields, such as bioinformatics, nuclear science, pharmacoepidemiology, immunology, and geophysics. The goal of MBA is to identify relationships (i.e., association rules) between groups …
Includes bibliographies, index and tables
Scholarly impact is one of the strongest currencies in the Academy and has traditionally been equated with number of citations?be it for individuals, articles, departments, universities, journals, or entire fields. Adopting an alternative definition and measure, we use number of pages as indexed by Google to assess scholarly impact on stakeholders outside the Academy. Based on a sample includin…
Transaction cost economics has long been a key perspective on the organization of economic activity. Over the past three decades, numerous studies have examined transaction cost economics' assertion that the costs surrounding exchanges, called transaction costs, direct managers' decisions about whether to organize activities via market, hybrid, or hierarchy, and whether organizing this way enha…
In today?s globalized world, it is relatively easy to gain access to the competition?s technology andproducts. Thanks to the Internet and the accompanying high speed of communications, technolog-ical and product differentiation is no longer a key competitive advantage in most industries. Forexample, most banks offer the same types of products (e.g., various types of savings accountsandinvestmen…
In today?s globalized world, it is relatively easy to gain access to the competition?s technology and products. Thanks to the Internet and the accompanying high speed of communications, technological and product differentiation is no longer a key competitive advantage in most industries. For example, most banks offer the same types of products (e.g., various types of savings accounts and invest…