Text
International marketing 16 ed
At the start of the last millennium, the Chinese were the preeminent international traders. Although a truly global trading system would not evolve until some 500 years later, Chinese silk had been available in Europe since Roman times. At the start of the last century the British military, merchants, and manufacturers dominated the seas and international commerce. Literally, the sun did not set on the British Empire. At the start of the last decade, the United States had surged past a faltering Japan to retake the lead in global commerce. The American domination of information technology has since been followed by the political upheaval of 9/11 and the economic shocks of 2001 and 2008. China started that decade as the largest military threat to the United States, and at the decade?s end, it has become a leading, often diffi cult trading partner. What surprises do the new decade, century, and millennium hold in store for all of us? Toward the end of the last decade, natural disasters and wars hampered commerce and human progress. The battle to balance economic growth and stewardship of the environment continues. The globalization of markets has certainly accelerated through almost universal acceptance of the democratic free enterprise model and new communication technologies, including cell phones and the Internet. Which will prove the better, Chinese gradualism or the Russian big-bang approach to economic and political reform? Will the information technology boom of the previous decade be followed by a demographics bust when American baby boomers begin to try to retire after 2012? Or will NAFTA and the young folks in Mexico provide a much needed demographic balance? Ten years out the debate about global warming should be settled?more data and better science will yield the answers. Will the economic tsunami of 2008?2009 evolve into something even worse? What unforeseen advances or disasters will the biological sciences bring us? Will we conquer AIDS⁄HIV in Africa? Will weapons and warfare become obsolete? International marketing will play a key role in providing positive answers to all these questions. We know that trade causes peace and prosperity by promoting creativity, mutual understanding, and interdependence. Markets are burgeoning in emerging economies in eastern Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, China, Indonesia, Korea, India, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, and Argentina?in short, globally. These emerging economies hold the promise of huge markets in the future. In the more mature markets of the industrialized world, opportunity and challenge also abound as consumers? tastes become more sophisticated and complex and as the hoped for rebound in purchasing power provides consumers with new means of satisfying new demands. With the recent downturn in the industrialized countries and the continued growth in emerging markets has come a new competitive landscape, one vastly different from that earlier period when United States multinationals dominated world markets. From the late 1940s through the 1960s, multinational corporations (MNCs) from the United States had little competition; today, companies from almost all the world?s nations vie for global markets
Ketersediaan
| Call Number | Location | Available |
|---|---|---|
| Tan 658.8 Cat i | PSB lt.dasar - Pascasarjana | 3 |
| Penerbit | McGraw Hill., 2013 |
|---|---|
| Edisi | - |
| Subjek | Export marketing International business enterprises |
| ISBN/ISSN | 9781121915251 |
| Klasifikasi | NONE |
| Deskripsi Fisik | vii, 675 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. |
| Info Detail Spesifik | - |
| Other Version/Related | Tidak tersedia versi lain |
| Lampiran Berkas | Tidak Ada Data |