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Universities and business : partnering for the Knowledge society
T he Glion Colloquia were begun in 1998 to bring together university leaders from Europe and North America to compare perspectives concerning the challenges and opportunities facing higher education. These meetings have usually been held in Glion, near Montreux, Switzerland, although the second meeting in 2000 was held in La Jolla, California. Each meeting has had a particular theme, such as the global forces driving change in higher education, university governance, the interaction between universities and society, and the rapidly changing nature of research universities. The fifth Glion Colloquium, held from June 18 to 21, 2005, in Switzerland, concerned the key relationship between research universities and the business sector. Participants included university leaders from Europe and the United States, along with senior officers of several global corporations, including Hewlett Packard, Dupont, Nestle, Hoffman-La Roche, Daimler Chrysler, the Fraunhofer Institutes, and the Bank of England. The emergence of a global, knowledge-driven economy has created an evergreater dependence of society, business and industry on research universities for advanced education (particularly in science and engineering), research and development, innovation and entrepreneurial activities. From San Diego to Dublin, Helsinki to Shanghai, there is a growing recognition throughout the world that econonlic prosperity and social well-being in a global, knowledgedriven economy require significant public and private investment in knowledge resources such as universities and corporate R & D laboratories, as well as strong relationships between business and higher education. The Gl1o11 V lneetlng began wtth an overvlew of the Impact of the global knowleclge economy on hus111es5, h~gher education, and goverllment pollc~es tn Europe and the United State5 (Weher, Llnderstadt, Newhy ,111cl Frost, (;ourley ,~nd Rre~ln~l~l, and Van Vught). P,~rt~c~pants d~scussecl the effort5 of the Enrope:m Community to develop a fratnework to position Europe for the knowledge economy through ~najor strategies such 21s the Lisbon agenda, including efforts to better integrate learning and research among European u~~iversities through the Bologna process ancl the European Research Area. This was contrasted with the long-stand~ng p.lrtnersh~l-, In the U111ted State among government, unlver51t1e1 2nd business, although ~t was also ,~cknowledged that there were numerous worrisome trends irlcludir~g the decline in federal research fi~nding in the physical sciences and engineerirlg, the erosion of basic research activities in industry, and the waning student interest in science and engineering careers that concer~led U.S. participants. Yet, while'the importance of universities to the knowledge economy WCI, ,I prlmary focus of the Gl~on V meeting, partlclpants were rem~nded of the broader prlbl~c purpose of htgher educ,it~on that sometirnes did not align well with a market orientation. S~~hsec~~e~~t sessio~~s of the meeting concerned the differing perspectives on the relationship between ilniversities and business, contrasting the views of husiness and i111iversity leaders, as well as those of participants from Europe ancl the United States. The first of these sessions concerned the changing natrirc of knowledge trarlsfer from the campus to industry (Andersson, A. Jones, Johnson, Rrocly, Tsichritzis and Kreysel), noting the differences among the physical sciences, biomedical sciences, and engineering. Here there was cor~s~dcrable d15c~iss1on of chang~ng p;lr;~d~gms of technology transfer, drlven by the growlng ~mportan~e of both ~nnolat~on and entrepreneur~~ll 'Ictlvltles, as well as by the chang~ng n,itrtre of the faculty and the needs of the bus1ne5s coInlntint ty. The sessior~s concernecl with the European perspective on university-business relationships (Lehret, Manson and Aebischer, Harryson and Lorange, Larnhert, Soboll and Mueller) and the American experience (Fox, Faulkner, Johnson, Connelly) had similar themes. Several business leaders expressed the increasing fr~~stration of inelustry about the complex negotiations involving intellcctt~;~l property rights, although they also noted the growing dependence of inclustry on ~~niversity basic research as financial pressures shifted corporate K & 13 more towards procluct developmellt. Both husiness and university leaders stressed the neecl tor a more strategic approach to these relationships - less as a phil;~nthropic relationship in which industry provicles financial support to universities, anil more in the for111 of ;I strategic alliance, ~rluch as would exist between industrial partners. There was one p;~rticularly notable difference between the European and A~llc.ric;~n perspectives from tini~craity le;ldei-s. While European leaders Preface XIII ,...,,...... ....................................................................................................................... tended to give most attention to the interaction between universities and large companies, the American universities, drawing from the successful efforts in high-tech economic development in regions such as Silicon Valley, Boston, Austin, and San Diego, tended to place a premium on technology transfer through the start-up of neb7 companies spinning off from campus research activities. In a sense, several of the American uni~rersity leaders suggested that their universities could serve society best by creating new companies and new industry, rather than serving established companies. Since the ownership of intellectual property was critical to attracting the investment capital necessary for the start-up of these new companies, it was understandable that ,4merican universities have become more tenacious in the negotiation of intellectual property rights. The final session of the Glion V meeting focused on the increasing concerns about human capital, particularly in key areas of science and engineering (Winckler and Fieder, Johnson and Jones, Wulf and Vest). A combination of waning student interest in such careers, coupled with restrictions on immigration in the wake of the terrorist attacks in September 2001, posed the possibility of significant shortfalls in the availability of scientists and engineers in the United States. While this was not yet considered a serious problem in Europe, the rapid emergence of large science and engineering workforces in developing nations such as India and China posed a considerable threat to economic competitiveness in a technology-driven knowledge economy. As in earlier Glion V meetings, the opportunity to compare the differing perspectives of university leaders from Europe and the United States proved both stimulating and valuable in considering the evolution of these important social institutions. Business leaders provided particularly valuable insight as to how the ~iniversity could best serve society in an ever more competitive global knowledge economy. Academic leaders acknowledged, in turn, that significant changes were necessary in the structure of the university to facilitate these irnportant partnerships. This book includes both the papers presented in the conference, as well as a summary of the discussions at the various working sessions and the text of the dinner talk given to the participants by Peter Brabeck-Lamarthe. CEO and President of Nestle. The orqanizers of the Glion V Colloquium wish to thank the numerous sponsors of this important event and this subsequent publication. We are particularlv grateful t#~ Hewlett Packard Corporation in the United States and Europe, as well as in Switzerland, the State Secretary for Education and Research in Bern, for their generous financial support, without which the Fifth Colloquium would not have been possible, as well as the production and the ilistrilwtion of this hook. We also w;rrmly thank the Ro;rrd of the Swiss Feifcral Itlstitutes of Technology in Z~~rich and L;lrlsanlle, Nestlt in Ve.ey arlJ the (:redit Stlissc in Zurich t;)r their fill;rnciirl support. Fin;rllY, we w;lnt also to exte~lii sI-cci;ll tllallka to the Uni,crsity of Gcneva for its p;rtroll;igc of the lucetii~g irnd fin;rllci;ll slllyort. Fln,rlly, uc ,lie p,r~ t~cul,rrl ple,rscd to th,rnk those I ho cilrt>ctl or ln
Ketersediaan
| Call Number | Location | Available |
|---|---|---|
| MA 306.42 Web u | PSB lt.dasar - Pascasarjana | 3 |
| Penerbit | London ECONOMICA., 2006 |
|---|---|
| Edisi | - |
| Subjek | Knowledge sociology |
| ISBN/ISSN | 2717851909 |
| Klasifikasi | NONE |
| Deskripsi Fisik | xv, 281 p. ; 25 oi89cm |
| Info Detail Spesifik | - |
| Other Version/Related | Tidak tersedia versi lain |
| Lampiran Berkas | Tidak Ada Data |